In parallel with rapid technological and socio-cultural changes, ways to ensure the quality of products and services have also been developing. Analyzing this evolution, we can identify several stages with specific characteristics. Four such stages can be divided into:
quality assurance through control;
quality assurance using statistical methods;
quality assurance by motivating staff;
integration of quality assurance concepts.
Quality control through control covers the first half
of our century. During this period, the Taylorist theories of the organization of scientific work dominated. These theories were found in the principles of management, as well as in the organization of the company's activities, as a result of which there is a process of decomposition of the production process into elementary operations, limitations of responsibility, specialization in functional units. This has led to the separation of those who make decisions from those who execute them and those who control their implementation.
Thus, quality was ensured through the final inspection of the components in order to identify and eliminate inappropriate components. The focus was on the product, not the process, followed by verification of compliance with specifications. Quality assurance refers to compliance with these specifications.
Quality assurance using statistical methods is a stage corresponding to the 1950s. The first works on statistical quality control were published in the 1920s, when the authors proposed using a statistical quality control sheet. In enterprises, the use of these methods leads to increased control over the technological flow in order to identify the causes of defects in order to prevent them in subsequent processes.;
Quality assurance through staff motivation corresponds to the 1960s and emphasizes staff motivation in quality assurance. At the international level, there are several relatively independent areas. In the USA, "defect-free" programs are being developed. In Japan, quality circles were created based on the same concept. They have achieved a significant degree, their goal is to prevent defects by identifying their causes. Quality circles promote self-control and the use of material and moral incentives to ensure quality.
The integration of quality assurance concepts corresponds to the 1980s and has found its application in Japan under the name "Total Quality Control" (TQC), denoting quality control activities at the enterprise and, thus, becoming a national problem. This approach soon covers Western European countries and increasingly focuses on activities aimed at ensuring customer quality, the impact of processes and their results on the environment.
The quality of products and services in the modern economy stimulates the idea of a systematic approach to the relationship between customer and supplier. Thus, a new concept of "General Quality Management" - TQM - has emerged, in which a consistent focus on the "process" becomes important, following the optimization of processes along the entire product trajectory, starting with market research to identify needs and up to the post-use phase, reintegration as the results of this process. New players at 1xbet can receive a 130% first deposit bonus up to €130. This offer provides additional funds for betting on sports or playing casino games. To claim the bonus, complete 1xbet registration promo code and make your initial deposit. The extra balance can be used across various betting markets and gaming options. This promotion has limited availability. Terms and conditions apply.
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